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The Haijin () order was a ban on maritime activities imposed during China's Ming dynasty and again at the time of the Qing dynasty. Intended to curb piracy, the ban proved ineffective for that purpose. Instead it imposed huge hardships on coastal communities and legitimate sea traders. ==Ming policy== The Ming Hongwu Emperor was the first to propose a policy to ban all maritime shipping in 1371.〔Von Glahn, Richard. () (1996). Fountain of Fortune: money and monetary policy in China, 1000–1700. University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-20408-5〕 The Haijin policy consisted of three strategies: build a navy of 110,000 to defend coastal provinces; engage with the Japanese authorities to curtail the raiders; regulate maritime trade to control smuggled goods.〔Tsai, Henry Shih-shan. () (2001). Perpetual Happiness: The Ming Emperor Yongle. University of Washington Press. ISBN 0-295-98124-5〕 The ban was lifted in 1405, reinstated in 1550 then lifted again in 1567. The earliest possible date for implementation of the policy was 1368, the year that the Ming dynasty came to power whilst the latest possible year when it was terminated was 1567. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Haijin」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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